Bibliography

COUNTERINTELLIGENCE

A fair amount of confusion exists in society at large about the intelligence community in general. Much of the confusion revolves around a fundamental misunderstanding – or even recognition – of the differences between intelligence and counterintelligence. Most simply put, we wither collect information or we protect it from others. The historical term Positive Intelligence has fallen into disuse, partly because it almost suggests that there is a “Negative Intelligence,” rather than Counterintelligence.

Complicating this issue is the further confusion between counterintelligence and security/law enforcement. As a shorthand, counterintelligence differs substantially from security in that it is anticipatory, future-paced, rarely checklist-oriented and focused on neutralizing a threat before it does damage. Security and law enforcement, on the other hand, most often responds to an event, such as a crime, in order to apprehend and incarcerate the miscreant.

Much has been made in recent years concerning how much information may have been known about various plots, espionage cases and even terrorist events. Automatic questions arise: Why, if we knew certain things, didn’t we arrest them?” and so on. The unspoken point is that law enforcement simply cannot conduct itself in a democratic society before the act; counterintelligence, in a democracy faces some similar, yet not so demanding requirements before being able to act – for example, “doubling” a suspected agent back on the service that originally engaged him.

Hopefully, this section will allow you an appreciation of some of the literature that helps to define this complex and intriguing dimension of the intelligence craft, one that has earned the title “Wilderness of Mirrors.” Additionally, many of the references contained in this section will address some of the more demanding, satisfying, and intellectually challenging activities in the intelligence world, such as deception, particularly strategic deception.

• Andradé, Dale. Ashes to Ashes: The Phoenix Program and the Vietnam War. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath, 1990.
• Andrew, Christopher and Vasili Mitrokhin. The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB. New York: Basic Books, 1999.
• Avni, Zeev. False Flag: The Inside Story of the Spy Who Worked For Moscow and the Israelis. London: St. Ermin’s Press, 1999.
• Brown, Anthony Cave. Bodyguard of Lies. New York: Harper & Row, 1975.
• Breuer, William B. Deceptions of World War II. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2001.
• Charters, David and Maurice A., J. Tugwell (eds.). Deception Operations: Studies In the East-West Context. London: Brassey’s, 1990.
• Cram, Cleveland C. Of Moles and Molehunters: A Review of Counterintelligence Literature, 1977-92. Washington: Center for the Study of Intelligence, 1992.
• Daniel, Donald C. and Katherine L. Herbig. Strategic Military Deception. New York: Pergamon Press, 1982.
• Deacon, Richard. The Truth Twisters: Disinformation The Making And Spreading Of Official Distortions, Half-Truths And Lies. London: Macdonald & Co Publishers Ltd.
• Eftimiades, Nicholas. Chinese Intelligence Operations. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1994.
• Herbig, Katherine L. and Martin F. Wiskoff. Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens, 1947-2001. Monterey, CA: Defense Personnel Security Research Center, 2002.
• Herrington, Stuart A. Traitors Among Us: Inside the Spy Catcher's World. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1999.
• Hesketh, Roger. Fortitude: The D-Day Deception Campaign. Woodstock, NY: The Overlook Press, 2000.
• Holt, Thaddeus. The Deceivers: Allied Military Deception in the Second World War. New York: Scribner, 2004.
• Kirkpatrick, Jeane J. The Strategy of Deception: A Study in Worldwide Communist Tactics. New York: Farrar, Straus and Company, 1963.
• Koehler, John O. STASI: The Untold Story of the East German Secret Police. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999.
• Martin, David C. Wilderness of Mirrors. New York: Bantam Books, Inc,. 1980.
• Masterman, J.C. The Double-Cross System: In the War of 1939-1945. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press,1972.
• Melchior, Ib. Case by Case: A U.S. Counterintelligence Agent in World War II. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1993.
• Milano, James V. Soldiers, Spies and the Rat Line: America's Undeclared War Against the Soviets. Washington: Brassey's, 1995.
• Stephan, Robert W. Stalin's Secret War: Soviet Counterintelligence Against the Nazis, 1941-1945. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2004.
  
• Pickering, William with Alan Hart. The Bandits of Cisterna. London: Leo Cooper, 1991.
• Melchoir, Ib. Case by Case - A U.S. Army Counterintelligence Agent in WWII. Novato, CA: Presidio Press, 1993.
• Koudelka, Edward R. Counter Intelligence, The Conflict and the Conquest. Guilderland, NY: Ranger Association, 1986.
• Staff, CIC School. Counter Intelligence Corps - History and Mission in World War II. Fort Holabird, MD: CIC Center, 1951.
• Rafalko, Frank J. Counterintelligence in World War II, Volume Two. Washington, DC: National CIC Center.
• Owens, William A. Eye Deep in Hell - A Memoir of the Liberation of the Philippines 1944-45. Dallas, TX: Southern Methodist
  University Press, 1989.
• Schwarzwalder, John. We Caught Spies. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1946.